Types Of Strings Instruments

Plucking

Plucking (Italian: Pizzicato) is used as the sole method of playing, on instruments such as the guitar, oud, sitar, banjo, lute, mandolin and harp, either by a finger or thumb, or by some type of plectrum. This category includes the keyboard instrument the harpsichord, which formerly used feather quills (now plastic plectra) to pluck the strings.

Bowing

Bowing (Italian: Arco) is a method used in some string instruments, including the violin, viola, cello, and less commonly, the double bass (of the violin family) and the old viol family. The bow consists of a stick with many hairs stretched between its ends. Bowing the instrument’s string causes a stick-slip phenomenon to occur, which makes the string vibrate.

Other bowed instruments are the rebab, rebec, hardingfele, nyckelharpa, kokyū, erhu, igil, kamanche, and sarangi. The hurdy gurdy is bowed by a wheel.

Striking

The third common method of sound production in stringed instruments is to strike the string with a hammer. By far the most well-known instrument to use this method is the piano (sometimes considered a percussion instrument), where the hammers are controlled by a mechanical action; another example is the hammered dulcimer, where the player holds the hammers.

A variant of the hammering method is found in the clavichord: a brass tangent touches the string and presses it to a hard surface, inducing vibration. This method of sound production yields a soft sound. The maneuver can also be executed with a finger on plucked and bowed instruments; guitarists refer to this technique as a hammer-on. After the invention of electric pickups guitars could be played solely by hammer-ons. Since both hands then can be used it is often called “two-handed tapping”. Guitar-/bass-like instruments are being manufactured mainly for this purpose, like the Bunker Touch Guitar, the Chapman Stick, the Warr Guitar and the Megatar.

Violin-family string instrument players are also occasionally instructed to strike the string with the side of the bow, a technique called col legno. This yields a percussive sound along with the pitch of the note. A well-known use of col legno for orchestral strings is the Gustav Holst’s “Mars” movement from The Planets suite.

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Percussion Instruments

Life without music it seems very odd. We can imagine the music in all where in our universe. You can

imagine and enjoyed the sound of the river shower also. Music always remain our life. Music instrument also take a good part to make the music best. Present world we invent lot of ways to make the music very enjoyable. Drums, Guitar, Piano, Bands are the example of all these instrument. There is different -2 value of different -2 instrument.

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Ideal for beginners and percussion enthusiasts, Supremo Series Congas are 28″ and constructed of select aged Siam Oak Wood. High quality buffalo-skin heads allow for crisp tones and superb response. Black powder coated side plates. Applied with super high-gloss finishing. Double mounting stand included. Matching bongos and djembes.

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CLASSIFICATION OF Percussion Instrument

Percussion instruments are classified by various criteria sometimes depending on their construction, ethnic origin, function within musical theory and orchestration, or their relative prevalence in common knowledge.

Percussion instruments are sometimes classified as being “pitched” or “unpitched.” While valid, this classification is widely seen as inadequate. Rather, it may be more informative to describe percussion instruments in regards to one or more of the following four paradigms:

1. By methods of sound productionBy cultural significance or tradition 
2. By musical function or orchestration
3. By prevalence in common knowledge
4. By cultural significance or tradition

family of brass

Valved

brass instruments use a set of valves (typically three or four but as many as seven or more in some cases) operated by the player’s fingers that introduce additional tubing into the instrument, changing its overall length. This family includes all of the modern brass instruments except the trombone: the trumpet, horn (also called the French horn), euphonium, and tuba, as well as the cornet, flügelhorn, baritone horn, sousaphone, mellophone, and the old saxhorn. As valved instruments are predominant among the brasses today, a more thorough discussion of their workings can be found below. The valves are usually piston valves, but can be rotary valves. Rotary valves are the norm for the horn and are also prevalent on the tuba.

Slide

Slide brass instruments use a slide to change the length of tubing. The main instruments in this category are the trombone family, though valve trombones are occasionally used, especially in jazz. The trombone family’s ancestor the sackbut and the folk instrument bazooka are also in the slide family.

There are two other families that have, in general, become functionally obsolete for practical purposes. Instruments of both types, however, are sometimes used for period-instrument performances of Baroque- or Classical-era pieces. In more modern compositions, they are occasionally used for their intonation or tone color.

Natural brass instruments

Natural brass instruments,  on which only notes in the instrument’s harmonic series are available. Such instruments include the bugle and older variants of the trumpet and horn. The trumpet was a natural brass instrument prior to about 1795, and the horn before about 1820. Natural instruments are still played for period performances and some ceremonial functions, and are occasionally found in more modern scores, such as those by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.

Keyed or Fingered brass instruments

Keyed or Fingered brass instruments used holes along the body of the instrument, which were covered by fingers or by finger-operated pads (keys) in a similar way to a woodwind instrument. These included the cornett, serpent, ophicleide and keyed trumpet. They are more difficult to play than valved instruments.

Brass instruments may also be characterised by the geometry of the tubing, the bore. Definition of bore is not clear cut, as with woodwind instruments, due to brass instruments’ bell.

Cylindrical bore

Cylindrical bore  with approximately constant diameter tubing; cylindrical bore instruments have a bright projected tone. The trumpet, alto trombone and tenor trombone are cylindrical bore – the slide design of the trombone necessitates this.

Conical bore

Conical bore with constantly increasing diameter tubing; conical bore instruments have a mellow tone. The “British brass band” group of instruments fall into this category. This includes the cornet, tenor horn (alto horn), French horn, baritone, euphonium and tuba.

Brass instruments may also be divided into two classes depending on whether or not the fundamental tone or first harmonic is available:

Whole-tube

instruments are ones in which the fundamental tone can be played.

Half-tube

instruments are ones in which the fundamental tone cannot be played. The second harmonic is the lowest open note available on half-tube instruments, though this may be lowered in pitch through the use of valves.

Families of brass instruments

1. Valved
2. Slide
3. Natural
4. Key or Fingured
5. Cylindrical bore
6. Conical Bore
7. Whole Tube
8. Half Tube
   

PRECUSSION

A percussion instrument is any object which produces a sound by being hit with an implement, shaken, rubbed, scraped, or by any other action which sets the object into vibration. The term usually applies to an object used in a rhythmic context or with musical intent.

The word “percussion” has evolved from Latin terms: “percussio” (which translates as “to beat, strike” in the musical sense, rather than the violent action), and “percussus” (which is a noun meaning “a beating”). As a noun in contemporary English it is described at Wiktionary as “the collision of two bodies to produce a sound”. The usage of the term is not unique to music but has application in medicine and weaponry, as in percussion cap, but all known and common uses of the word, “percussion”, appear to share a similar lineage beginning with the original Latin: “percussus”. In a musical context then, the term “percussion instruments” may have been coined originally to describe a family of instruments including drums, rattles, metal plates, or wooden blocks which musicians would beat or strike (as in a collision) to produce sound.

STRINGS

A string instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by means of vibrating strings. Common string instruments include the violin, viola, cello, bass, mandolin, guitar, sitar, ukulele, harp, and the banjo.

VIOLEN

The violin is a bowed string instrument with four strings usually tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest and highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which also includes the viola and cello.

CELLO

The violoncello is a bowed string instrument.A person who plays a cello is called a cellis.It produse a very good sound of music which is use to show the emotions and felling in the movies as a background

music.

ELECTRIC BASS GUITAR

The electric bass guitaR is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb or by using a pick.Electric guitars can have solid, semi-hollow, or hollow bodies, and produce little sound without amplification. Electromagnetic pickups convert the vibration of the steel strings into electrical signals which are fed to an amplifier through a cable or radio transmitter. The sound is frequently modified by other electronic devices or the natural distortion of valves (vacuum tubes) in the amplifier.

GUITAR

The guitar is a musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles. It typically has six strings, but four, seven, eight, ten and twelve string guitars also exist.Guitars are recognized as one of the primary instruments in blues, country, flamenco, rock music, and many forms of pop. They can also be a solo classical instrument. Guitars may be played acoustically, where the tone is produced by vibration of the strings and modulated by the hollow body, or they may rely on an amplifier that can electronically manipulate tone. Such electric guitars were introduced in the 20th century and continue to have a profound influence on popular culture.

 

Woodwinds

A woodwind instrument is a musical instrument which produces sound when the player blows air against an edge of, or opening in, the instrument, causing the air to vibrate within a resonator. Most commonly, the player blows against a thin piece of wood called a reed. Woodwind instruments include the bansuri, dizi, flute, fife, piccolo, clarinet, bassoon, saxophone, bass clarinet, panpipes, pipe organ, and several instruments in the oboe family
The free reed aerophones, such as the Chinese shêng, Japanese shō, Laotian khene, and the European instruments: harmonica, harmonium and reed organ, accordion, bayan, concertina, and bandoneón, are also in the woodwind family.

Bansuri

The bansuri (Hindi: बांसुरी) is a transverse alto flute of Bangladesh,India, Nepal and Pakistan made of a single length of bamboo with six or seven open finger holes. An ancient musical instrument associated with cowherds and the pastoral tradition, it is intimately linked to the love story of Krishna and Radha, and is depicted in Buddhist paintings from around 100 AD. It is intimately associated with Krishna’s Rasa lila; the tunes on his flute are poetically associated with driving the women of Braj mad. The North Indian bansuri, typically about 14 inches long, was traditionally used as a soprano instrument primarily for accompaniment in lighter compositions including film music.

History

The word bansuri originates in the Sanskrit bans [bamboo] + swar [musical note]. There are two varieties of bansuri: the transverse, and the fipple. The fipple variety is usually played in folk music and is held away from the lips like a whistle. Because of the flexibility and control it offers, the transverse variety is preferred in classical music.
Pandit Pannalal Ghosh (1911-1960) elevated the Bansuri from a folk instrument into serious classical music.He improvised with the length and number of holes and eventually came up with longer bansuris with larger bores and a seventh hole placed 90 degrees around from the line of the other six holes. Longer bansuris provided better coverage in the lower octaves.